Consult your assignment instructions to determine which citation style you need to use. Use the tabs below to see examples of end-text and in-text citations for common types of sources. You can always email us at library@panola.edu or stop in and see us with further questions!
Your complete APA citations are listed in alphabetical order on the last page of your paper. This page is called your References.
End-Text Examples
Book
Cope, S. (2022). Power hungry : women of the Black Panther Party and Freedom Summer and their fight to feed a movement. Lawrence Hill
Books, an imprint of Chicago Review Press Incorporated. https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=1496b5f5-8b7b-37a2-8e1a-ede3834905de
*Note: You do not have to include a link for print books.
Chapter in an Edited Book
Woldu, G. H. (2013). Women, rap, and hip-hop: The challenge of image. In J. C. Friedman (Ed.), The Routledge history of social protest in popular
music. (pp. 171-183). Routledge. https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=cf1c53ed-17e5-32ef-b152-d593a86e1718
Journal Article
Mortenson, E. (2014). A journey into the shadows: the Twilight Zone's visual critique of the Cold War. Science Fiction Film and Television, 7(1), 55-
76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sfftv.2014.3
Website
Kuta, S. (2025, July 7). Bear-sized giant beavers once roamed North America, and they're now the official state fossil of Minnesota. Smithsonian
Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bear-sized-giant-beaver-once-roamed-north-america-and-theyre-now-the-official-state-fossil-of-minnesota-180986937/?itm_source=parsely-api?itm_source=most-popular&itm_medium=parsely-api
YouTube Video
PBS Origins. (2017, October 10). How WWII created Godzilla & mecha robots [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
app=desktop&v=RCJIX2_r8ao&t=315s
In-Text Examples
The Twilight Zone's visual style and storylines created "a world where the common assumptions of the Cold War were interrogated and, oftentimes, overturned" (Mortenson, 2014, p. 55).
Shadows are often used in the Twilight Zone to help communicate anxiety and uncertainty (Mortenson, 2014).
Chicago style uses footnotes and endnotes. Footnotes are listed in the order that you refer to your sources. Endnotes are listed in alphabetical order on a page called your Bibliography.
Examples by Source Type
Book Footnote
1. Suzanne Cope, Power Hungry: Women of the Black Panther Party and Freedom Summer and Their Fight to Feed a
Movement (Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 2022), 12.
Book Endnote
Cope, Suzanne. Power Hungry: Women of the Black Panther Party and Freedom Summer and Their Fight to Feed a Movement. Chicago:
Lawrence Hill Books, 2022.
Chapter in an Edited Book Footnote
2. Gail Hilson Woldu, "Women, Rap, and Hip-Hop: The Challenge of Image," in The Routledge History of Social Protest in Popular
Music, ed. Jonathan C. Friedman (New York: Routledge, 2013), 171-183.
Chapter in an Edited Book Endnote
Woldu, Gail Hilson. "Women, Rap, and Hip-Hop: The Challenge of Image," in The Routledge History of Social Protest in Popular
Music, edited by Jonathan C. Friedman, 24-34. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Journal Article Footnote
3. Erik Mortenson, "A Journey into the Shadows: The Twilight Zone's Visual Critique of the Cold War," Science Fiction Film and
Television 7, no. 1 (2014): 55, accessed July 14, 2025, https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=2be79557-77ab-3232-81ff-56ba9a0accaf
Journal Article Endnote
Mortenson, Erik, "A Journey into the Shadows: The Twilight Zone's Visual Critique of the Cold War." Science Fiction Film and Television 7, no. 1
(2014): 55-76. Accessed July 14, 2025, https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=2be79557-77ab-3232-81ff-56ba9a0accaf
Website Footnote
4. Sarah Kuta, "Bear-Sized Giant Beavers Once Roamed North America, and They're Now the Official State Fossil of Minnesota," last
modified July 7, 2025, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bear-sized-giant-beaver-once-roamed-north-america-and-theyre-now-the-official-state-fossil-of-minnesota-180986937/?itm_source=parsely-api?itm_source=most-popular&itm_medium=parsely-api
Website Endnote
Kuta, Sarah. "Bear-Sized Giant Beavers Once Roamed North America, and They're Now the Official State Fossil of Minnesota." Last modified July
7, 2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bear-sized-giant-beaver-once-roamed-north-america-and-theyre-now-the-official-state-fossil-of-minnesota-180986937/?itm_source=parsely-api?itm_source=most-popular&itm_medium=parsely-api
YouTube Video Footnote
5. PBS Origins, "How WWII Created Godzilla & Mecha Robots," PBS Origins, October 10, 2017, video,
12:37, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=RCJIX2_r8ao&t=315s
YouTube Video Endnote
PBS Origins. "How WWII Created Godzilla & Mecha Robots." PBS Origins, October 10, 2017. Video, 12:37. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
app=desktop&v=RCJIX2_r8ao&t=315s
In-Text Example
"Footnotes are added at the end of the page on which the source is referenced, while endnotes are compiled at the end of each chapter or at the end of the entire document." 1
1. Purdue Online Writing Lab. "Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition." Purdue OWL. Purdue University, Accessed July 14,
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition/cmos_formatting_and_style_guide/chicago_manual_of_style_17th_edition.html
Your complete MLA citations are listed in alphabetical order on the last page of your paper. This page is called your Works Cited.
End-Text Examples
Book
Cope, Suzanne. Power Hungry : Women of the Black Panther Party and Freedom Summer and Their Fight to Feed a Movement. E-book,
Lawrence Hill Books, 2022.
Chapter in an Edited Book
Woldu, Gail Hilson. "Women, Rap, and Hip-Hop: The Challenge of Image." The Routledge History of Social Protest in Popular Music, E-book,
edited by Jonathan C. Friedman, Routledge, 2013, pp. 171-183.
Journal Article
Mortenson, Erik. "A Journey into the Shadows: The Twilight Zone's Visual Critique of the Cold War." Science Fiction Film and Television, vol. 7, no.
1, 2014, pp. 55-76.
Page on a Website
Kuta, Sarah. "Bear-Sized Giant Beavers Once Roamed North America, and They're Now the Official State Fossil of Minnesota." Smithsonian
Magazine, 7 July 2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bear-sized-giant-beaver-once-roamed-north-america-and-theyre-now-the-official-state-fossil-of-minnesota-180986937/?itm_source=parsely-api?itm_source=most-popular&itm_medium=parsely-api, Accessed 9 July 2025.
YouTube Video
"How WWII Created Godzilla & Mecha Robots" YouTube, uploaded by PBS Origins, 10 Oct. 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?
app=desktop&v=RCJIX2_r8ao&t=315s
In-Text Examples
The Twilight Zone's visual style and storylines created "a world where the common assumptions of the Cold War were interrogated and, oftentimes, overturned" (Mortenson 55).
Shadows are often used in the Twilight Zone to help communicate anxiety and uncertainty (Mortenson 55).
Citations Are Required For:
Citations Are NOT Required For: